shadow economy

shadow economy

美 　英

• 网络影子经济；地下经济；黑经济

例句

The shadow economy is all the money and jobs generated outside the official economy, whether legally or illegally.

黑市经济，则是正式经济以外产生的所有财富和工作岗位，不论合法或非法。

In more than 50 countries around the world, the shadow economy is at least 40 percent the size of documented GDP.

全世界有超过50个国家，其黑市经济的规模至少达到了该国GDP的40%。

At the other end of the scale, the U. S. shadow economy equaled only 9 percent of the country's official economy.

在天平的另一端，，美国的黑市经济，只相当于本国正式经济的9%。

Mr Scholz wooed Hamburg's middle class and its entrepreneurs, naming an ex-head of the chamber of commerce as his shadow economy minister.

MrScholz以其内阁经济部长的名字命名商会，借此向汉堡的中产阶级和企业家示好。

The size of a shadow economy can be vitally important.

黑市经济的规模，可以说是至关重要的。

The company made use of the shadow economy to get the beer delivered to the outlets.

并利用“影子经济”把啤酒运送到各个经销店。

In the report's ranking from least to most shadowy, Greece is No. 57, with a shadow economy equal to 31 percent of GDP in 2007.

这份报告从最低到最高的排名中，希腊排在第57名，其2007年黑市经济规模相当于该国正式经济GDP的31%。

In percentage terms, the biggest shadow economy relative to official economic activity is in the former Soviet republic of Georgia.

从百分比来看，与正式经济活动有关的“地下经济”规模要数前苏维埃社会主义共和国格鲁吉亚的最大。

The authorities were also drawn to the building because of another facet of the diaspora's shadow economy: illegal medical care.

吸引执法部门到这座大楼的另一个原因是华人聚居区地下经济的另一行业：非法行医。

The shadow economy, in other words, can act as a cushion when times are tough.

也就是说，在经济萧条期，影子经济可以起到一个“缓冲垫”的作用。

Hand in hand with the shadow economy and widespread corruption comes tax evasion.

影子经济和普遍的腐败自然而然导致了逃税现象。

The cooperative law indeed brought the shadow economy out into the open.

合作社法确实把影子经济引向到了公开的层面。

In 2007, the Austrian economist Friedrich Schneider estimated that Italy's shadow economy accounted for over 22 percent of GDP.

在2007年，据奥地利经济学家弗里德里希·施耐德（FriedrichSchneider）的估算，意大利的影子经济已经占到了国内生产总值的百分之二十二以上。

In the study, Peru has the fourth-largest shadow economy.

在这项研究中，秘鲁是黑市经济规模比例第四大的国家。

For example, America's shadow economy in 1999 was 8. 6 percent and climbed to 9. 0 percent in 2007.

比如，美国的黑色经济规模，在1999年相当于正式经济的8.6%，而在2007年时就攀上了9%的比例。

"Shadow Economy" Comparison in Russia's Different Times

俄罗斯不同时期的“影子经济”比较

Shadow Economy and Transition Economies

影子经济与转型经济